AI regulation in Greece: laws & policy (2026)

Legal framework

EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, directly applicable in all EU member states); Greek Law 4961/2022 on Emerging Technologies; Ministry of Digital Governance and Artificial Intelligence / Special Secretariat for Artificial Intelligence and Data Governance

The EU AI Act in Greece

In Greece, artificial intelligence is governed by the EU AI Act, the first comprehensive AI law, which applies directly as an EU regulation.

Framework

the EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)

Approach

risk-based: unacceptable-risk AI is banned, high-risk AI faces strict duties, limited-risk AI has transparency rules

General-purpose AI

transparency duties for all GPAI models; systemic-risk models add safety and evaluation obligations

Timeline

phased: prohibitions from Feb 2025, GPAI rules from Aug 2025, most high-risk obligations from Aug 2026

Maximum fine

€35 million or 7% of global annual turnover for prohibited-AI breaches

Oversight

national market-surveillance authorities, coordinated by the EU AI Office

The AI Act is an EU regulation applied directly in Greece; national market-surveillance authorities handle enforcement.

Key points: artificial intelligence in Greece

1. 01EU AI Act, primary regime

   Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 is directly applicable in Greece. Prohibited AI practices (e.g. social scoring, real-time remote biometric identification in public spaces) became enforceable from 2 February 2025; general-purpose AI model obligations apply from 2 August 2025; and most high-risk and market-surveillance provisions apply from 2 August 2026.

   eur-lex.europa.eu ey.com

2. 02Law 4961/2022, national AI framework

   Greece's Law 4961/2022 introduced AI-specific obligations for public bodies: mandatory algorithmic impact assessments (AIAs) before deploying AI systems, and transparency obligations requiring disclosure of AI use to affected persons. AI provisions entered into force on 1 January 2023, predating the EU AI Act.

   oecd.ai ey.com

3. 03National AI Strategy Blueprint (Nov 2024)

   The High-Level Advisory Committee on AI, established under the Prime Minister in November 2023, published 'A Blueprint for Greece's AI Transformation' in November 2024. It sets out six flagship programmes, eight guiding values including human dignity and transparency, and plans for AI regulatory sandboxes, a National AI Research Institute, and a National AI Data Hub.

   oecd.ai stip.oecd.org

4. 04Institutional governance, ministry and secretariat

   In July 2025, the Ministry of Digital Governance was renamed the Ministry of Digital Governance and Artificial Intelligence. A Special Secretariat for Artificial Intelligence and Data Governance was established within it to coordinate national AI strategy and serve as the central governance node, with Vasileios-Michail Karkatzounis as Special Secretary.

   greekcitytimes.com intelligence.dlapiper.com

5. 05EU AI Act competent authority designation

   Greece has initiated designation of national competent authorities required by Article 70 of the EU AI Act (notifying authority and market surveillance authorities). A list of fundamental-rights bodies, including the National Commission for Human Rights (ΕΕΔΑ), was submitted to the European Commission. Full enforcement powers take effect 2 August 2026.

   seelegal.org kglawfirm.gr

6. 06Pharos AI Factory and infrastructure

   Greece launched the Pharos AI Factory in 2025 as a national AI innovation hub under the European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, to be powered by the DAEDALUS supercomputer (expected operational 2026), connecting startups, SMEs, research institutions, universities, and the public sector.

   pharos-aifactory.eu trade.gov

The EU AI Act in Greece: FAQ

Timeline of decisions

1. 16 Jul 2026Law
   Law 5321/2026: Greece Enacts AI Act National Implementation Law

   The Hellenic Parliament adopted Law 5321/2026 (published in Government Gazette A' No. 114, 20 July 2026), establishing Greece's national enforcement architecture for the EU AI Act. It designates the Hellenic Data Protection Authority (HDPA) as the primary market surveillance authority and single point of contact, designates EETT as the notifying authority, creates a mandatory public-sector AI registry, introduces regulatory sandboxes, complaint procedures, administrative fines, and criminal penalties for removing deepfake transparency labels.

   Licentium (Law 5321/2026 analysis)

2. 25 Nov 2024Guidance · official
   'Blueprint for Greece's AI Transformation' Published as National AI Strategy

   The High-Level Advisory Committee on AI, coordinated by the Special Secretariat of Foresight under PM Mitsotakis, published Greece's first comprehensive national AI strategy. It identifies six flagship projects across innovation, public administration, education, and healthcare, sets guiding principles (transparency, human dignity, multilateral cooperation), and calls for a dedicated national AI supervisory authority aligned with the EU AI Act.

   Special Secretariat of Foresight, Hellenic Republic

3. 13 Dec 2023Decision · official
   mAigov Launched: First AI Application in Greek Public Sector

   The Ministry of Digital Governance launched mAigov, an AI-powered multilingual chatbot integrated into the gov.gr unified portal, providing natural-language access to 1,608 digitised state services. It received over 4,000 queries within hours and 63,000 in three days, and was among the first AI citizen-service tools deployed by an EU government, demonstrating Greece's move from AI legislation to practical AI deployment.

   OECD.AI Policy Observatory

4. 20 Oct 2023Decision
   High-Level Advisory Committee on AI Established Under Prime Minister

   PM Kyriakos Mitsotakis established the High-Level Advisory Committee on Artificial Intelligence, coordinated by the Special Secretariat of Foresight, to formulate a comprehensive national AI policy and long-term strategy. Its mandate spanned innovation, public-sector AI adoption, EU regulatory alignment, and socioeconomic safeguards — and it delivered the November 2024 Blueprint.

   Greek City Times

5. 1 Jan 2023Law · official
   AI Provisions of Law 4961/2022 Enter into Force

   Articles 3–14 of Law 4961/2022 became operational, requiring Greek public bodies to conduct algorithmic impact assessments before deploying AI, maintain public AI system registries, publish transparency notices explaining AI-assisted decisions, and establish a Coordinating Committee for AI — making Greece one of the first EU states to have live national AI rules for the public sector.

   OECD.AI Policy Observatory

6. 27 Jul 2022Law
   Law 4961/2022: Greece Enacts the EU's First Horizontal Emerging-Technologies Law

   Published in Government Gazette 146/A, Law 4961/2022 introduced a unified national framework covering AI (Articles 1–14), IoT, blockchain/DLT, smart contracts, and 3D printing. It was among the first horizontal statutes in the EU specifically governing AI, mandating algorithmic impact assessments and AI system registries for public bodies and imposing transparency and non-discrimination obligations on private-sector AI use in employment.

   EY Greece

7. 21 Apr 2021Guidance · official
   EU Revised Coordinated Plan on AI — Greece Commits to National AI Strategy

   The European Commission published its revised Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence, updating the 2018 version and requiring all EU member states, including Greece, to adopt national AI strategies, boost public investment in AI, and align regulation with EU values. This directly prompted Greece to accelerate its own national strategy work and set the legislative agenda that produced Law 4961/2022.

   European Commission

8. 1 Jan 2020Guidance
   Digital Transformation Bible 2020–2025: AI First Enters Greek National Strategy

   The Ministry of Digital Governance published Greece's five-year national digital strategy covering 450 projects across six axes, including AI pilot programmes in justice and healthcare, a horizontal AI/ML platform for the public sector, and commitments to data governance and interoperability. This was the first official government document to embed AI in Greek national policy, predating dedicated AI legislation.

   DiploFoundation / dig.watch

Sources

1. 1.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202401689
2. 2.oecd.ai/en/dashboards/policy-initiatives/law-n-49612022-emerging-information-
3. 3.oecd.ai/en/dashboards/policy-initiatives/a-blueprint-for-greece-s-ai-transfor
4. 4.seelegal.org/news/greece-makes-the-first-step-in-implementation-of-the-ai-act/
5. 5.kglawfirm.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/AI-AUTHORITIES-NEWSFLASH_final-1.pdf
6. 6.ey.com/en_gr/technical/tax/tax-alerts/ai-act-prohibited-ai-practices-become-
7. 7.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-act-governance-and-enforcement
8. 8.intelligence.dlapiper.com/artificial-intelligence/?t=03-appointed-supervisory-authority&c=GR
9. 9.stip.oecd.org/stip/interactive-dashboards/policy-initiatives/2025/data/policyInitia
10. 10.greekcitytimes.com/2025/07/01/greek-ministry-of-digital-governance-renamed-to-include-ar
11. 11.ey.com/en_gr/technical/tax/tax-alerts/l-4961-2022-the-greek-legal-framework-
12. 12.pharos-aifactory.eu/hellenicparliament-pressrelease-faros-ai/
13. 13.trade.gov/market-intelligence/greece-national-ai-strategy