人工知能: 日本 (2026)
Japan enacted its first dedicated national AI statute, the AI Promotion Act, on 28 May 2025, with full enforcement from September 2025. The law takes an innovation-first, light-touch approach: it sets basic principles, roles for the state, industry, academia and citizens, and creates an AI Strategy Headquarters chaired by the Prime Minister, but contains no penalties, no prohibitions and no mandatory conformity assessments — enforcement relies on administrative guidance, a 'name-and-shame' publication mechanism, and non-binding guidelines, backed by existing laws on personal data (APPI), copyright, consumer protection and sectoral regulation.
主要なフレームワーク
Act on Promotion of Research and Development, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence-related Technology (AI Promotion Act, Act No. 47 of 2025), supplemented by the Cabinet-level AI Basic Plan, the AI Strategy Headquarters under the Prime Minister's Office, and METI/MIC AI Guidelines for Business
要点
AI Promotion Act (2025)
Enacted 28 May 2025 and fully in force from September 2025, this is Japan's first AI-specific national law. It articulates basic principles (R&D competitiveness, systematic promotion, transparency on risks, international cooperation) and defines the duties of government, business, universities and citizens, but imposes no fines, bans or conformity assessments.
AI Strategy Headquarters & Basic Plan
The Act establishes an AI Strategy Headquarters in the Cabinet Office, chaired by the Prime Minister (first meeting 13 Sept 2025). The first AI Basic Plan was adopted by Cabinet on 23 December 2025 and replaced by a second Basic Plan on 14 July 2026 ('Japan AI Transformation'), covering AI deployment, development capacity, governance and societal uptake.
METI/MIC AI Guidelines for Business
The AI Guidelines for Business — jointly issued by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), with v1.1 in March 2025 and v1.2 on 31 March 2026 — are the central non-binding operational reference for AI developers, providers and users, covering governance, risk management, transparency and human oversight.
Enforcement by guidance and 'name and shame'
The AI Promotion Act has no criminal or administrative penalties; non-compliant operators can be publicly named by the government, and misuse is otherwise addressed through pre-existing binding law (APPI, Copyright Act, Consumer Contract Act, antimonopoly, cybersecurity, sectoral financial/medical rules).
Copyright treatment of AI training (Art. 30-4)
Article 30-4 of the Copyright Act broadly permits use of copyrighted works for 'information analysis', including AI model training, provided the use is not for enjoying the expression and does not unreasonably prejudice rightsholders — one of the most permissive regimes globally — though output that substitutes for original works still requires a licence; the Agency for Cultural Affairs issued clarifying guidance in 2024.
International leadership: Hiroshima AI Process
Under its 2023 G7 presidency Japan launched the Hiroshima AI Process, producing the International Guiding Principles and the International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems — a voluntary G7 framework now a core pillar of Japan's international AI governance stance.
このページは便宜上翻訳されたものです。英語版が正式なものであり、法的助言ではありません。