Memulai Usaha: Indonesia (2026)
Indonesia allows foreigners to fully own a local limited-liability company (PT PMA) in most sectors under the Positive Investment List, and the OSS-RBA portal has streamlined licensing since 2021. However, setup remains moderately complex for foreigners: a notarized deed with at least two shareholders, one director and one commissioner, a physical Indonesian address, and a paid-up capital of IDR 2.5 billion (~USD 150,000) are required, with an overall timeline typically of several weeks plus ongoing LKPM reporting.
Kerangka kerja utama
Law No. 25/2007 on Capital Investment and Law No. 6/2023 (Job Creation) implemented via Presidential Regulation 10/2021 (Positive Investment List, as amended by Perpres 49/2021) and BKPM Regulation No. 5 of 2025; business registration is handled by BKPM through the risk-based Online Single Submission system (OSS-RBA) at oss.go.id.
Poin utama
Foreign-ownership regime
The Positive Investment List (Perpres 10/2021 as amended by Perpres 49/2021) treats 100% foreign ownership as the default; only six activities are fully closed (Class-I narcotics, gambling/casinos, CITES-listed species harvesting, coral harvesting for commercial use, chemical weapons, and industrial ozone-depleting substances). A residual set of sectors has caps or partnership/local-content conditions.
Company form (PT PMA)
Foreign investors incorporate a Perseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Asing (PT PMA) — a limited-liability company with foreign shareholding. It requires at least two shareholders, one director, one commissioner, a notarized Deed of Incorporation ratified by the Ministry of Law, and a registered Indonesian business address.
Minimum capital
Under BKPM Regulation No. 5 of 2025, the paid-up capital threshold was lowered from IDR 10 billion to IDR 2.5 billion (~USD 150,000), while the total investment plan per KBLI business code must still reach IDR 10 billion (excluding land and buildings).
Registration steps via OSS-RBA
The core sequence is: (1) reserve company name and sign Deed of Incorporation before a notary; (2) obtain Ministry of Law ratification; (3) register on oss.go.id (passport for foreign shareholders), input KBLI codes and investment plan; (4) receive the Business Identification Number (NIB); (5) obtain any risk-based sectoral/operational licenses for medium- or high-risk KBLIs; (6) register for tax (NPWP) and social security (BPJS).
Typical timeline
End-to-end incorporation of a PT PMA usually takes about 4–6 weeks. Low-risk KBLIs get an NIB almost immediately; medium-risk activities require one to two weeks of verification; high-risk activities can take 30–60 days depending on ministerial technical review.
Ongoing obligations
Every PT PMA must file quarterly Investment Activity Reports (LKPM) to BKPM documenting realisation of the investment plan, and maintain the mandatory physical address (virtual offices are restricted in some regions, e.g., Bali from May 2026). Additional licenses may apply depending on the KBLI risk classification.
Halaman ini merupakan terjemahan untuk kemudahan pembaca; versi bahasa Inggrisnya yang menjadi acuan resmi dan bukan merupakan nasihat hukum.