Kecerdasan Buatan: Indonesia (2026)
Indonesia has no comprehensive, binding AI-specific statute. Governance rests on non-binding instruments: the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs' (Komdigi, formerly Kominfo) Circular Letter No. 9/2023 on AI Ethics, the 2020–2045 National AI Strategy (Stranas KA), and sectoral supervisory guidance (notably OJK's April 2025 AI Governance guidance for banks), backed by cross-cutting laws such as the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) and the ITE Law. As of September 2026, two draft Presidential Regulations (a national AI roadmap and an AI ethics framework) have been finalized by Komdigi and are awaiting President Prabowo Subianto's signature.
Kerangka kerja utama
Kominfo/Komdigi Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 on AI Ethics (Surat Edaran No. 9/2023); National AI Strategy (Stranas KA) 2020–2045; sectoral guidance (OJK AI Governance for Banking, April 2025); two draft Presidential Regulations (Perpres) on AI Ethics and the National AI Roadmap pending presidential signature
Poin utama
Non-binding AI ethics circular
Kominfo Circular Letter No. 9 of 2023 (issued 19 December 2023) sets out AI ethics values—inclusivity, humanity, security, accessibility, transparency, credibility, data protection, sustainability and IP—for public and private Electronic System Operators. It is explicitly soft-law guidance, not enforceable regulation, and directs practitioners to align with the ITE Law and PDP Law.
National AI Strategy 2020–2045 (Stranas KA)
Launched on 10 August 2020 by BPPT/BRIN, Stranas KA is Indonesia's high-level policy plan across four focus areas (ethics & policy, talent, infrastructure & data, industry R&I) and five priority sectors (health, bureaucracy, education & research, food security, mobility & smart cities). It is a strategy document, not a legal framework.
Two Presidential Regulations pending
Komdigi finalised drafts of a Perpres on the National AI Roadmap (from an August 2025 white paper) and a companion Perpres on AI Ethics; both were submitted for legal harmonisation and, as of late September 2026, are still awaiting the President's signature. Communications Minister Meutya Hafid identified AI regulation as a 2026 priority.
Sectoral: banking AI governance (OJK)
On 29 April 2025 the Financial Services Authority (OJK) published 'Artificial Intelligence Governance for Indonesian Banking', a non-binding supervisory benchmark requiring banks to govern AI across a six-stage lifecycle around accountability, human oversight and reliability. It layers over binding IT rules such as POJK 11/POJK.03/2022 and OJK Regulation No. 1 of 2026 on IT governance for commercial banks.
Cross-cutting statutes apply to AI
In the absence of an AI-specific law, AI systems must comply with the Personal Data Protection Law (UU 27/2022, PDP Law) for data processing and automated decision-making, and with the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) for online content and platform obligations. The PDP Law's implementing regulations and Data Protection Authority remain incomplete as of September 2026.
Planned risk-based approach and AI-content labelling
The draft Perpres framework signals a risk-based approach that would designate high-risk AI in biometric identification, public administration, critical infrastructure, law enforcement and critical financial decisioning, and Komdigi has drafted derivative rules mandating labelling/watermarking of AI-generated content on digital platforms once the Perpres is enacted.
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